WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW:

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker

Serving Californians Since 1917

DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE
March 2007

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW:

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker

(Revised by the DRE, March 2007)

ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER
Governor
State of California

DALE E. BONNER
Secretary
Business, Transportation and Housing Agency

JEFF DAVI
Commissioner
Department of Real Estate

Thisbrochurewasoriginallypreparedbythe Consumers Unionof U.S., Inc. underaresearchcontractwiththe California Department of Real Estate. The information contained in the brochure is a brief overview of the basic steps and factors involved in a mort- gage transaction using the services of a mortgage broker. Since this brochure may not encompass all subsequent law changes, it should only be used as a general source of information. You may wish to research the subject matter further before proceeding with a mortgage transaction. Some of the views and opinions in the brochure are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Administration, the State of California, or its Department of Real Estate.

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW:

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction	1
Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	1
The Role of the Mortgage Broker	2
Mortgage Broker Commissions and
Lender Fees	2
Definitions	3
What Other Fees Should I Ask About?	6
Do My Costs Increase if I Borrow
More Money?	6
An Overview of the Loan Process	7
Debt Consolidation: Borrowing Money On
My Home to Pay My Bills	8
Paying Off a “Balloon” Payment Loan	10
Refinancing My Existing Fixed Rate or Fully Amortizing Mortgage	12
Loans with Negative Amortization	13
How Do I Decide About the Length
of Loan Term?	14
How Do I Choose a Mortgage Broker
and a Loan?	15
What Do I Need to Know About the
Loan Application?	16
i

Using   the   Mortgage   Loan   Disclosure Statement	17
Get It In Writing	19
Real  Estate  Settlement  Procedures  Act (RESPA)	19
Your Rights Under the Federal Truth-
in-Lending Act	19
Protect Yourself in the Loan Process- Don't Fall Prey to Predatory Lending	21
California Law Prohibits Discriminatory
Lending Practices	23
The Loan Documents: What Do These
Papers Mean?	24
Signing the Papers: What to Expect	24
Mortgage Insurance: Notice to Borrower	26
Servicing: Making Your Monthly Payments	26
What Should I Do About a Dispute
with the Authorized Servicer?	27
Foreclosure: What Should I Do Now?	27
Can I Find Out Why Credit was Denied?	29
Information and Complaints	30
 CONSUMER CHECKLISTS
Questions  to  Ask  About  Debt Consolidation	9
Interest-Only and Partially
Amortizing Loans	11
The Loan Application	16

ii

Understanding the Loan Documents	24
Signing the Loan Papers	26
Foreclosure	29

iii

RE 35A (Rev. 3/07)

INTRODUCTION

A home loan is a transaction in which you promise to repay money you have borrowed and also give the lender a mortgage on your home to secure repayment. In California, your promise to repay ordinarily is in the form of a promissory note and the mortgage is ordinar- ily in the form of a deed of trust. You need to make certain that you understand the terms of the loan before you become obligated. Whether you obtain a loan through a mortgage broker, a financial institution or some other lender, you should ask questions about the loan process and paperwork so that you understand the form of the transaction and the terms of the loan before you agree to them.
The purpose of this brochure is to provide basic information about using the services of a mort- gage broker which may assist you in making an informed decision when seeking a home loan.

USING THE SERVICES OF A MORTGAGE BROKER

Amortgagebrokerhelpsyouobtainahomeloan. Amortgagebrokermaybelicensedbyeitherthe California Department of Corporations or the California Departmentof Real Estate. Mortgage brokers make or arrange first mortgages and junior mortgages. A junior mortgage secures  a loan which is secondary or junior to one or more other loans on the property. Some home loans arranged through brokers are very similar to a home loan you might obtain independently fromabank, savingsandloanassociation(S&L), credit union, finance company, or other type of lender. Some brokers offer shorter loan terms and/or different repayment plans.
Prior to using the services of a mortgage broker ensure that you check to make sure they are properly licensed by checking with the California Department of Corporations at www.corp.ca.gov or 1-866-275-2677 and/or the California Department of Real Estate at www.dre.ca.gov or (916) 227-0931. There  is

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	1

alsoaone-stopresource for Californiarealestate and financial services license information, laws andregulationsat www.dre.ca.gov/licinfo.htm. You may wish to check with the Better Business Bureau at www.bbb.org to see if the company is a member and if any complaints have been filed against the company.

THE ROLE OF THE MORTGAGE BROKER

The mortgage broker is usually an agent for the purpose of arranging the home loan transac- tion. This relationship imposes a legal duty on the broker to disclose to you the material (im- portant) facts you need to know about the loan. The broker has a duty of fairness and honesty to both you and the lender. These legal duties can be important in resolving disputes which arise after the loan is made, but the best way to avoid problems and disputes is to ask questions and be sure you understand the terms of the loan and each of the loan documents before you sign.
When acting as an agent, the broker speaks for you in submitting your loan application to a lender. Make sure that you give the broker full andaccurateinformation, andthatanyloanappli- cation or other document the broker prepares for your signature is accurate and complete before you sign it. Never sign a blank application or other documents. Make sure you understand the terms of the loan before you agree to it.

MORTGAGE BROKER COMMISSIONS AND LENDER FEES

Mortgage broker commissions and lender fees are not usually set by law. Mortgage Brokers are paid either directly by you or by the lender who funds the loan. You may choose to pay the mortgage broker’s commission with:
Cash (out of pocket) or
Proceeds from the loan (this will increase your loan balance) or
A lender's rebate or service release premium

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(see definition of lender’s rebate and service release premium).
Compare fees charged by several lenders and mortgage brokers. You may be able to do this with a few phone calls. Ask about the amount of the fees and costs to be paid by you in cash before the loan is funded, the amount of the fees and costs to be paid from the loan proceeds or lender rebates, and the amount of fees and costs to be financed.

DEFINITIONS

Points. The term “points” customarily refers to the commission, or origination fee, charged by the mortgage broker or the loan fee charged by the lender when the loan is made. Each point is 1% of the loan amount. On a $100,000 loan, 1 point is $1,000 and 10 points is a charge of
$10,000. The amount of points charged is not usually set by law. You may wish to shop for a mortgage broker or lender who charges fewer points. You may be able to negotiate for lower points. Asking about points before you choose a mortgage broker or lender may save you money. You should be aware, however, that a loan por- trayed as a “no point” or “zero point” loan may have a higher interest rate than a loan for which points must be paid. Therefore, it is important to compare the points, costs and interest rates in order to decide which loan is best for you. And remember, there is no such thing as a “no cost loan.” Points can also be paid by the borrower to obtain a lower interest rate loan. These are referredtoas“Discount Points” andaredifferent than the points charged by the broker or lender as origination fees.
Rate Sheet. Atermusedtodescribehowlenders communicate (via computer or fax) the interest rates, terms and costs of loan products available to mortgage brokers. Interest rates can change several times a day. Each lender provides its approved mortgage brokers with the current rate sheet for its loan products.
Par Loan. The interest rate at which the bor- rower pays no discount points and the lender
Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	3

pays no rebate to the broker for delivering the loan to the lender.
Yield Spread Premium (also know as a lender rebate). The rate at which a mortgage broker is compensated for the difference between the interest rate on a par loan and the interest rate on an above par loan, which a broker can deliver to the lender. This is expressed in the number of points paid to a broker. A broker receives pay- ment of the premium, the lender obtains a higher than par interest rate, and the borrower pays for the premium over the entire life of the loan through that higher interest rate and payments. For example, if the interest rate on a par loan is 7% and the mortgage broker can deliver a 7.5% loan to the lender, the lender may be offering to pay the mortgage broker a rebate of 2 points or 2% of the loan value. For a $100,000 loan, the broker would be paid a $2,000 Yield Spread Premium by the lender and the borrower would have to pay a higher interest rate over the life of the loan. Also on the adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) loans, a higher “margin” can result in a rebate from the lender to the broker. The “mar- gin” is a component of the interest rate calcu- lation on ARM loans. Ahigher margin results in a higher interest rate to the lender and therefore can generate a rebate to the broker. Always ask your broker if rebate pricing is involved on your loan, a broker must disclose any rebate they are to receive in connection with your loan to you. Ask if any portion of the rebate will be used by the broker to offset your closing costs.
Service Release Premium. This is another form of compensation that a lender may pay to a broker for delivering a loan. Each loan comes with “servicing rights”, which are the rights to collect the mortgage payments. Servicing rights canbesoldindependentlyoftheactualmortgage. Some lenders pay mortgage brokers a “Service Release Premium”, expressed as points, when the mortgage broker delivers the lender a loan. Always ask your broker if a Service Release Premium is involved on your loan; a broker must disclose any Service Release Premium they are to receive in connection with your loan to you.

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Loan Pre-Approval. Mortgage Brokerswillob- tainpre-approvalforaloanbasedonpreliminary informationsuppliedbytheborrowers. THISIS NOT A LOAN APPROVAL. Loan Approval only takes place after all required information has been reviewed and approved by the lender’s underwriter. Loan approvals may also contain conditions that the borrower must meet prior to funding of the loan.
Loan Lock. A request for the interest rate on your loan can either be locked or floating. If you choose to obtain a loan lock the mortgage broker will “lock-in” the agreed upon interest rate at the time you request the lock. This lock is for a given period of time. Always ask your broker for the length of the lock and if there is any lender charge for locking the interest rate of your loan. Always ask for a written lock-in agreement, signed by the mortgage broker, de- tailing the exact terms of the lock-in.
You may choose to float the interest rate on your loan. This means that the loan’s interest rate will be set at the prevailing interest rate for your loan program on the day of closing.
Remember interest rates can change daily and sometimes more than once in a day. You need to talk with your broker to determine the best course of action for you.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR). The annual percentage rate (APR) of interest includes both the simple interest rate and certain fees, com- missions, costs, and expenses. By contrast, the simpleinterestrate, ornoterate, doesnotinclude these costs and fees. If a broker or lender quotes an interest rate to you, be sure to ask if that rate is the simple rate or the APR. Use the APR to compare loans which have different simple in- terest rates, points and other loan charges. The loan with the higher APR may cost you more over the term of the loan.

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	5

WHAT OTHER FEES SHOULD
I ASK ABOUT? (ALSO SEE THE SECTION ON THE MORTGAGE LOAN DISCLOSURE STATEMENT FOR A DETAILED DISCUSSION ON HOW THESE COSTS AND FEES ARE DISCLOSED TO YOU IN WRITING)

Themortgagebrokermaychargeyouloanappli- cation processing fees. You may incur appraisal and credit inquiry expenses. However, if the mortgage broker asks for payment in advance for any service other than an appraisal or credit inquiry, call the DRE to see if the broker has approval to do so. Closing costs may include charges for document preparation, escrow services, title insurance, notary services, and recording fees. You may also be charged for fire or homeowner’s insurance coverage, optional credit life or disability insurance, or beneficiary statements.
You do not have to buy credit life or disability insurance. Credit life and disability insurance benefits make your mortgage payments if you die or become disabled. Many credit life and disability policies have limitations, called ex- clusions, that excuse the insurer from paying under a variety of circumstances. Make certain you understand the terms of the policy and what it excludes. You can also secure financial pro- tection fromdisabilityordeaththroughstandard term life insurance or disability insurance. Be- fore you buy credit life or disability insurance, compare the cost with the cost of a term life or disability policy.

DO MY COSTS INCREASE IF I BORROW MORE MONEY?

Manyloancostsandfeesarebasedontheamount of the loan. Usually, the more you borrow, the higher the costs and fees. Also, your costs and fees are limited by law on first mortgages under
$30,000 and junior mortgages under $20,000 which are arranged through a broker, licensed by the Department of Real Estate.

6	California Department of Real Estate

AN OVERVIEW OF THE LOAN PROCESS

Selecting a mortgage broker or lender. As stated earlier, brokers usually act as your agent with the lender. You can also deal directly with some lenders, without using a mortgage broker. Whichever you choose, ensure that you have checked out the company. Try to use companies that people you know have used and can tell you the level of service provided. Rates should be competitive with other companies. Remember that if the deal sounds to good to be true, it probably is.
Beawareofyourcreditstatus. Beforeyoucontact a broker or lender, obtain a copy of your credit report. This can be done free in the Internet at www.annualcreditreport.com or by calling 1- 877-322-8228. Forafeeyoucanalsoobtainyour credit score which lenders will use to evaluate your credit to determine if you qualify for a prime loan or sub-prime loan. Sub-prime loans have interest rates and fees that are generally higher than prime loans. Knowing your credit score before you apply will allow you to shop for the best loan for you.
The LoanApplication.You willhavetoprovide acompletedloanapplication. Somebrokerswill come out to your home to take the application, you can fill one out yourself, or some brokers have Web sites that allow you to submit the application on-line. Remember, never sign a blank application or other forms. You will probably be asked to pay for a credit report and appraisal fee up front. If a broker tells you the credit report and appraisal costs are not being charged to you, make sure to get it in writing. Also verify that you will not pay for these items at the close of escrow out of your loan proceeds or that the broker will not demand payment for the fees, if you do not close the loan. The broker will also require that you submit the required documentsthatthelenderrequiresinrelationship to the loan program you are trying to obtain. Both the broker and lender will provide you with required disclosures regarding the terms of the loan. It is important that you review these
Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	7

disclosures and ensure that the terms meet with your approval.
Processing the Loan. This is the process were the broker obtains the required information and submits it to the lender’s underwriter for loan approval. This is a critical stage in obtaining your loan. Ensure that you respond to all re- quests for information in a timely manner. This will increase your chances of getting the loan or learning why you don’t qualify. This is also the time you may want to lock in an interest rate. Remember to keep in contact with the broker and to monitor the loan process, ensur- ing that the broker is meeting the agreed upon time frames.
Closing the Loan. This is the final stage of the loan process. The closing can take place at a title company, escrow company, or the broker’s of- fice. The broker may use a signing service that will bring the documents to you for signing. No matter where the signing takes place, this is the time to ensure the loan terms and costs are what you asked for. Read all documents. Do not let yourself be rushed. If you have questions, ask themandmakesureyouunderstandtheanswers. If the terms and conditions are not what was agreed upon, do not sign the loan documents. Request that the documents be redrawn stating the correct terms.

DEBT CONSOLIDATION: BORROWING MONEY ON MY HOME TO PAY MY BILLS

Becarefulaboutusingahomeloantoconsolidate debts into a single monthly payment. A home loan is different from other consumer debts. If you can’t pay most consumer debts, you might receive a bad credit rating, be sued, or even be forcedintobankruptcy. Butifyoucan’tpayyour home loan, you could lose your home.
Many consumer debts such as bills for credit cards or medical services are unsecured. Other consumer debts like car payments or furniture payments may be secured by an interest in the goods but not by an interest in your home. If you

8	California Department of Real Estate

can’t repay consumer debts, the creditor may be able to take back the goods and sue you for the amount of the debt not repaid by the resale of the goods. But on a consumer debt, the creditor cannot simply foreclose on your home.
If you pay off consumer debts like car, medical or credit card bills with a home loan, the new debt is secured by your home. This creates the risk that you could lose your home if you can’t make the payments.

THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF LOANS FROM WHICH TO CHOOSE
- FIXED RATE, ADJUSTABLE RATE, BALLOON PAYMENT AND NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION. LOANS MAY CONTAIN ONE OR MORE OF THESE FEATURES (E.G., AN ADJUSTABLE RATE  LOAN MAY  OR MAY  NOT HAVE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION OR A FIXED RATE LOAN MAY OR MAY NOT CONTAIN
A BALLOON PAYMENT PROVISION). DISCUSS WITH YOUR LENDER OR BROKER THE LOAN THAT IS RIGHT FOR YOU.

Questions to Ask About Debt Consolidation
Are your debts unsecured (such as medical bills and credit card bills) or secured only by an interest in personal property (such as a car or furniture payments)?
Can you work out a payment schedule with your creditors to repay existing debts?
How will you pay off a new home loan if you can’t pay your current bills?

CONSUMER CHECKLIST



Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	9

PAYING OFF A BALLOON PAYMENT LOAN

A balloon payment loan is not fully paid off through the monthly payments.Aloan without a balloonpaymentisrepaidalittlebiteachmonth. With these loans, each month’s payment applies to both interest and principal. They are called fully amortized loans because you pay off (am- ortize) the loan with your monthly payments. By contrast, an interest-only loan or a partially amortizingloanwillincludeoneormoreballoon payments: i.e., payments that are twice or more the size of the regular payment.
Partiallyamortizingandinterest-onlyloanshave lower monthly payments than fully amortizing loans for the same amount. In an interest-only loan, the monthly payments do not pay any of the loan principal. The payments cover only interest. The unpaid principal must be paid by one or more balloon payments.
For example, if you obtain a $15,000 interest- only loan at 15% interest for 5 years, you must make monthly interest payments of $187.50. At the end of the 5 year term, however, you would still owe the entire $15,000 principal and it would be due in one balloon payment. (If you had made payments of $356.85 instead, the loan would have been amortized/paid off by the end of the 5 year loan term. If your loan was for 10 years, monthly payments of $242 per month would fully amortize it.) A balloon payment results when your monthly payments pay only interest (a non-amortizing loan) or when they pay only part of your loan principal (a partially amortizing loan).
An example of each could look like this:
$15,000 Loan	Monthly	Balloon
15% – 5 yrs	Payment	(Due After 5 Yrs)
Fully Amortized	$356.85		—0— Partially Amortized	$280.00	$7,000.00
Interest Only	$187.50	$15,000.00
With interest-only and partially amortizing loans, if you do not have the financial means to repay the balance of the loan principal as a

10	California Department of Real Estate

balloon payment at the end of the loan term, your choices could include:
selling your home to completely or partially make the balloon payment;
taking out another loan — typically incurring more fees and costs — to pay off the balloon payment; or
losing your home to foreclosure if you fail to make the balloon payment.
If you refinance the loan to pay the balloon pay- ment, you typically must pay new loan fees and closing costs. This could increase your debt. If the debt becomes too large in comparison with the amount of equity in your home, you may not be able to further refinance. Then, if you are not able to satisfy the debt, you could lose
 CONSUMER CHECKLIST
Interest-Only, Partially Amortizing and Negative Amortization Loans
How much can the loan balance increase if you make the lowest payment?
How soon will you be required to make fully amortizing payments and how can the payments go up?
How much will you owe (balloon payment) after you make all the monthly payments?
How much would the monthly payments be to fully amortize the loan and avoid any balloon payment?
Could you afford the monthly payments on a fully amortizing loan if you borrowed less money or obtained a longer loan term?
Where will you obtain the money to make the balloon payment?
Remember that you risk losing your home if you can’t pay the balloon payment.

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	11

your home in foreclosure or be forced to sell it to pay off the loan.

REFINANCING MY EXISTING FIXED RATE OR FULLY AMORTIZING MORTGAGE

Sometimes borrowers replace an existing mortgage with a new, larger first mortgage. Some things to consider in deciding whether to refinance an existing mortgage are:
refinancing may replace a fixed rate loan with an adjustable rate loan.
refinancing may replace a fully amortizing loan with a loan requiring a balloon payment or containing negative amortization.
refinancing may shorten the amount of time you have to repay by replacing a long term loan with a short term loan.
a new junior mortgage in a smaller amount may cost less, in points and fees, than refi- nancing the existing first mortgage.
On an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM), the interest rate - and your monthly payment - may increase with an increase in the index used in your mortgage. In an ARM, the current interest rate is calculated by adding a fixed margin (such as 2%) to an index such as the Cost of Funds Index published by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board. INDEX RATE + MARGIN = MORTGAGE RATE or NOTE RATE.
For adjustable rate loans, ask the lender or broker:
How long is the initial interest rate in ef- fect?
How often can the interest rate change?
What is the largest monthly payment you could face?
How often can the payments change?
Can the amount you owe increase through negative amortization? (This can happen if your
12	California Department of Real Estate

monthly payment is less than monthly interest costs.)
What is the formula that will be used to set the rate?
What would the rate be today if it were set by that formula?
What are the caps on how high/low the inter- est rate can go?
Is there a cap on how high or low a payment can be adjusted when the interest rate adjusts?

LOANS WITH NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION

“Negativeamortization” or“deferredinterest” is a term used when the principal balance of your loan (the amount you owe) goes up instead of down. As mentioned previously, a fully amor- tizing loan has payments that pay interest and principal each month until the loan is paid off (fully amortizing). A negative amortizing loan contains payment options that may not pay the full amount of interest due each month and pay nothing toward lowering the principal balance. If a mortgage payment does not satisfy the total amount of the interest due, the difference be- tween the payment made and the interest due is added to the loan balance, hence the term “negative amortization” or “deferred interest.” The interest will eventually have to be paid, usu- ally by much higher payments later depending on the terms of your loan contract.
These loans, usually adjustable rate loans, may contain several options for payments. For example, the loan may provide options for a payment that is lower than the interest due, a payment to pay only the actual interest due, a paymentbasedona 15-yearfullyamortizingloan or a payment based on a 30-year fully amortized loan. By paying the lowest payment, you will increase your loan balance for each month that

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	13

you choose that option. Negative amortization loans may also be based on a very low “payment rate” - the rate at which the lowest payment option is calculated. This may be different than the actual interest rate charged on the loan and contribute to the negative amortization. After a certain number of years, as set forth in the loan contract, theselowpaymentsarenolongeravail- able as an option and the payments will increase to fully amortize the loan over the remaining time left at an interest rate that may change each month. This can result in much higher payments thatyoustartedwith. Ifyoucan’tmakethehigher payments, you may not be able to refinance if the loan balance is higher than what your home is worth and you may have to sell the home for less than the balance owed. This can result in your having to pay the difference to the lender from other assets. If you are unable to sell the home or refinance you could lose the home in foreclosure.
If a broker offers you a loan with an extremely low interest rate and/or payments, ask if the loan contains negative amortization. These loans should be discussed in detail with a broker or lender before you make a decision to enter into a transaction. Again, a broker owes you a full and honest description of the loan terms and the advantages and disadvantages of this type of loan for your situation.

HOW DO I DECIDE ABOUT THE LENGTH OF LOAN TERM?

The term of the loan is the number of years you have to repay it. First mortgages usually have terms of 15, 30, or even 40 years. Junior mort- gages typically have terms of 1, 3, 5, or perhaps 10 or more years. With a fully amortized loan, the longer the loan term, the lower your monthly payments. With an interest-only or partially am- ortizing loan, a longer loan term means you have more time before you have to pay the balloon payment. In any event, the longer the loan term

14	California Department of Real Estate

the more total interest you will pay, assuming you do not prepay the principal of the loan.

HOW DO I CHOOSE A LENDER OR MORTGAGE BROKER AND A LOAN?

Call lendersandmortgagebrokersandaskabout interest rates and fees for the size loan you need. Be sure to ask:
What types of loans are available?
Whatistheapproximateamountyouwillhave to borrow to receive the amount of cash you want? (That is, what amount of fees will be financed and deducted from your loan pro- ceeds?)
Does the lender or mortgage broker offer loans in the dollar amount you need?
How much is the lender’s fee or broker’s commission on this size loan?
What other fees or costs will you be charged and what is the estimated amount of each?
Will you have to pay any fees if the loan is denied?
Will you have to pay any fees if you apply, but then change your mind?
What is the amount of the monthly payments, and the amount of any balloon payment?
Will the loan be fully amortized/paid off by the regular monthly payments?
What is the length of the repayment period/ term of the loan? (The more time you have to repay, the lower your payments will be on a fully amortizing loan.)
What is the simple interest rate?
Is the interest rate fixed or does it vary over the term of the loan (adjustable rate)?
What is the Annual Percentage Rate?
Is there a penalty for paying the loan off early (prepayment penalty)? If so, how much?

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	15

Agood way to determine how much the fees and costs will be on a loan is to ask each lender or broker two questions: 1) “Approximately how much do I have to pay in cash before the loan is funded?” and 2) “What is the approximate amount of money I will have to borrow to end up with a certain amount of cash?” By compar- ing the answers you can find out how much you would have to borrow from each source to end up with the same amount of cash paid to you.

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE LOAN APPLICATION?

You will usually be asked to fill out a loan ap- plication describing your income, assets, debts and expenses, and the real property which is to secure the loan. Before you sign the application, make sure that it truthfully states your income, assets, debts and expenses. Never sign a blank application. Do not stretch the truth on your loan application. Don’t exaggerate your income or understate your debts. Some loans, such as "stated income" or "stated asset", do not require the lender to verify the information. Be wary of ay loan representative who tells you it is OK to stretch the truth in order to qualify. It is against the law to provide false information on a loan application to a financial institution. The lender

The Loan Application

Accurately report your income, assets and debts.
Never sign a blank application.
Ask for a copy of your signed appli- cation.
To avoid delays, promptly provide the information requested by the mortgage broker.
Ask approximately how long it will take to process the application and obtain the loan you are requesting.

CONSUMER CHECKLIST

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is entitled to know your true financial condition. Neversigna blankloanapplicationoronewhere information is left out. You may be asked to provide documents to the broker to verify your employment and bank accounts, etc. The sooner you comply with these requests, the sooner your loan application can be processed.

USING THE MORTGAGE LOAN DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

In most cases, a mortgage broker must cause to be delivered to you a Mortgage Loan Disclosure Statement (MLDS) within 3 business days after youcompleteandpresenttothemortgagebroker a written loan application or before you become obligated to take the loan, whichever is earlier. Ask to receive the statement as soon as possible and read it carefully. It will provide you with the following information about the loan:
the amount you are borrowing (the prin- cipal);
the estimated amount of any costs which are to be financed as part of the principal;
the estimated amount you will pay in fees to get the loan, including commissions to the mortgage broker; and
the estimated amount of money that you will receive from the loan after costs, fees, and commissions have been deducted.
Compare the line on the statement showing the amount of the principal with the line stating the amount of cash which will be paid to you. The difference between these two numbers is the amount of fees and costs which will be financed as part of your loan debt including items such as liens against the property or other loans to be paid off with the loan proceeds.
The statement must also include estimates of the maximum costs of arranging the loan. It must list the estimated amount of each of these fees, if they apply:
appraisal fee

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	17

lender fees
escrow fee
title insurance charge
notary fee
recording fee
credit investigation fee
fire or other hazard insurance premiums
credit life or disability insurance premium
beneficiary statement fees
reconveyance fee (when you are refinancing an existing loan)
broker origination fees or commissions including any rebates paid by the lender to the broker.
The disclosure statement should also list any existing loans or liens against the property. If you expect the new loan to pay off a debt, check to be sure that debt is listed. The disclosure must also state if a prepayment penalty may apply if you pay off the loan early.
Be sure to ask for this disclosure statement before you sign the loan papers. You do not become obligated to accept the loan until you sign the loan agreement or promissory note.  If the disclosure statement does not describe the terms that you expect or want, don’t sign the loan papers. Any changes from the original terms, cost, or expenses, must be disclosed to you in a timely manner.
If the loan transaction is federally related, you maynotreceivean MLDSbutyoushouldreceive a Good Faith Estimate conformed to California disclosures and certain Truth-in-Lending dis- closures. These are federal disclosures which togethergenerallyprovidethesameinformation asthe MLDS.(Seediscussionsregarding RESPA andthe Truth-in-LendingAct.) If thebrokerdoes not provide the MLDS, he/she must separately advise you of any compensation received or expected from the lender and whether the loan includes a balloon payment.

18	California Department of Real Estate

GET IT IN WRITING

Do not be afraid to ask the mortgage broker or lender to show you where the loan papers de- scribe any particular features of the loan which havebeenpromisedtoyou. If thetermsyouhave been promised are not there, ask the mortgage brokerorlendertoputtheminwriting. Promises made only orally may not be enforceable.

REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT (RESPA)

The Real Estate Settlement ProceduresAct(RE- SPA) is a federal law administered by the U.S. Departmentof Housingand Urban Development (HUD). RESPAonly appliesto federallyrelated loans and requires, among other things, that mortgage brokers provide detailed information onsettlementcostssothatbuyersandborrowers can shop around for settlement services. Mort- gage brokers and lenders must provide a good faith estimate of costs the borrower is likely to incur at close of escrow. The broker must pres- ent this estimate not later than 3 business days after receipt of a written loan application. The estimate will contain information similar to the Mortgage Loan Disclosure Statement required by California law. In some cases, a broker may use one disclosure form to comply with both the state and federal requirements.

YOUR RIGHTS UNDER THE FEDERAL TRUTH-IN-LENDING ACT

The Federal Truth-in-Lending Act (TILA) ap- plies if the broker makes the loan with its own funds or arranges the loan for a lender who makes five or more home loans per year. If the TILA applies, the lender must provide you a disclosure before you become obligated which tells you: the identity of the creditor; the amount financed; that you have a right to an itemization of the amount financed; the dollar amount of the finance charge; the finance charge expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR); the number, amount and periods of payments; the total of all
Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	19

payments; anylatepaymentcharge; andwhether or not there is a charge upon prepayment of the loan principal.
The disclosure statement must also identify the property which is to secure the loan and should tell you whether the terms of the loan permit assumption of the loan by someone buying the property from you.
If the TILA applies, you may have a right to rescind (cancel) the loan within three days after certain events, including the consummation of the loan transaction. When you do not receive proper disclosures about the loan, the right to rescind can last as long as three years from the time you obtain the loan. Any request to rescind the loan should be made in writing.
The TILA right of rescission does not apply to all loans arranged by mortgage brokers, so do not rely on the possibility of later rescission as a substitute for careful study of the loan before you agree to it.
The TILA was amended in 1994 with respect to certain loans, other than purchase money loans, construction loans, reverse mortgages or home equity lines of credit, secured by the borrower’s principal dwelling. In these “high rate/high fee” loan transactions, also known as “Section 32” loans, the TILA places some additional restric- tions on creditors, requires more disclosures, and gives borrowers cancellation rights. The amendment defines a creditor as someone who, in any 12-month period, originates more than one high rate/high fee loan. Also, any such loan arranged by a mortgage broker is subject to the requirements.Ahighrateloanisoneinwhichthe APR exceeds by 8 points or more on a first-lien loan or 10 points or more on a second-lien loan, the yield on Treasury Securities having a similar term. A high fee loan is one in which the total points and fees exceed the greater of 8% of the loan amount or, as of 1-1-06, $528.00 (adjusted annually on January 1 based on the change in the Consumer Price Index). The TILA is enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTCwillanswerquestionsconcerningthe TILA and high rate/high fee loans.

20	California Department of Real Estate

PROTECT YOURSELF IN THE LOAN PROCESS - DON’T FALL PREY TO PREDATORY LENDING!

As of July 1, 2002, California also has a law covering high rate/high fee loans. The law con- tains special rules regarding balloon payments, prepayment penalties, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, and many others. It also requires that the loan have a tangible benefit to the con- sumer. Withcertainspecifiedexceptions, a“cov- ered loan” is a consumer credit transaction that is secured by a one to four unit dwelling that is the borrower’s principal residence and where the APR exceeds by 8 points or more the yield on Treasury Securities having a similar term, or, the total points and fees, as defined, payable by the consumer at or before closing will exceed 6 percent of the total loan amount. The maximum amount covered is the most current FannieMae single-family first mortgage conforming loan limit.
The term “predatory lending” encompasses a variety of home mortgage lending practices. Predatorylendersoftentrytopressureconsumers into signing loan agreements they cannot afford or simply are not in the consumer’s best inter- est. Often, through the use of false promises and deceptive sales tactics, borrowers are con- vinced to sign a loan contract before they have had a chance to review the paperwork and do the math to determine whether they can truly afford the loan.
Predatory loans carry high up-front fees that are added to the balance, decreasing the ho- meowner’s equity. Loan amounts are usually based in the borrower’s home equity without consideration of the borrower’s ability to make the scheduled payments. When borrowers have trouble repaying the debt, they are often en- couraged to refinance the loan to another un- affordable, high-fee loan that rarely provides economic benefit to the consumer. This cycle of high-cost loan refinancing can ultimately deplete the homeowner’s equity and result in foreclosure.

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Predatory loan practices specifically prohibited by law include:
Flipping - the frequent making of new loans to refinance existing loans,
Packing - the selling of additional products without the borrower’s consent, and
Charging excessive fees.
Homeowners in certain communities, particu- larly the elderly or minorities, are especially likely to be targets of predatory lending but almost anyone can fall prey to abusive lending practices. You can protect yourself by know- ing what you can afford; choosing a reputable, licensed broker/lender; understanding the loan application and contract; and being aware of commonly-usedpredatorylendingpractices. In- formed decision-making is your best defense.
Beware of these Predatory Lending Tactics
Exceedingly high interest rates and inflated fees in comparison with other lenders.
Bait and switch tactics where a mortgage bro- ker or lender knowingly offers one set of terms which are more appealing but are not readily available and then pressures the borrower into signing the contract with more expensive terms and hidden fees.
Door-to-door high pressure salespersons and pitches for home equity loans related to home improvement contracts or contracts for instal- lation for items such as drapes and carpets.
Salespersons with backgrounds similar to yours who attempt to gain your trust. This tactic is oftentimes used to lull a homeowner into a false sense of security, causing the homeowner to make a decision based on trust instead of knowledge and understanding.
Mail, radio and television ads that claim “No job! Nocredit! Noproblem!You canstill qualify for a loan based on your home equity.” These ads encourage you to place your home at risk. If you can’t make the payments, you will lose your home! Offers that sound too good to be true, usually are.

22	California Department of Real Estate

Highpressuresalestacticsrequiringyoutosigna loancontractrightaway. If theofferisgoodtoday, it should probably be good tomorrow. AFTER you have reviewed the contract and consulted a knowledgeable, uninvolved advisor.
Be wary of brokers who attempt to steer you intoahome-equitylineofcredit(HELOC) when you are applying for a "high rate/high fee" real estate loan (see first paragraph). These loans do not offer the same protections as a "covered loan" gives you. If a broker is steering you into a HELOC that you did not ask for, he or she may attempting to evade the law. A broker has a responsibility to you as your agent to discuss all possible loan options with you and inform you of the advantages and disadvantages of each. You should not be pressured or steered into applying for a loan that is not suitable for your needs or ability to pay.

CALIFORNIA LAW PROHIBITS DISCRIMINATORY LENDING PRACTICES

Brokers and lenders are required to give you a “Fair Lending Notice” that advises you of your right to file a complaint if you feel that you are, or have been, treated in a discriminatory man- ner in the lending process based on your race, color, religion, sex, marital status, domestic partnership, age, physical or mental disability, medical condition, sexual orientation, familial statuts, source of income, national origin or ancestry. It is also illegal to use these factors to discriminate based on the neighborhood sur- rounding the housing accommodation unless it is required to avoid an unsafe and unsound practice. The broker or lender is also required to post this notice in their offices in a conspicu- ous location.

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	23

Understanding the Loan Documents

Study the loan documents and ask ques- tions to help you understand their meaning BEFORE you sign.
Ask the mortgage broker or lender to put into writing the terms agreed to.
Read all the loan documents carefully before you sign.
Before you sign, make certain all the loan terms agreed on are included.
Obtain and keep a copy of everything you sign.

CONSUMER CHECKLIST



THE LOAN DOCUMENTS: WHAT DO THESE PAPERS MEAN?

The mortgage broker should explain the loan to you, but you can also help avoid misunder- standing by reading the documents and asking questions. Don’t guess at the meaning of the loan papers. Ask the mortgage broker to explain them.

SIGNING THE PAPERS: WHAT TO EXPECT

When the time comes to sign the papers, several documents will be presented to you. They will probably include:
Promissory Note. In the promissory note, you promise to repay the money borrowed. The note should state the amount you are borrowing, the interest rate, whether and how that interest rate may change, the term or length of the loan, and the amount of any balloon payment. Also, it will state if a prepayment penalty applies to your loan.
Deed of Trust. The deed of trust gives the lender a lien on your home. It also gives the lender the

24	California Department of Real Estate

right to foreclose on your home if you don’t repay the loan.
Escrow Instructions. The escrow instructions tell the escrow holder how to pay the loan funds. If existing mortgages or other debts are to be paid off by the loan, be sure that the escrow instructions tell the escrow agent to pay off these debts.
Broker Agreement. Sometimes you will be asked to sign this agreement. Read the broker agreementcarefully. Doestheagreementrequire you to pay the broker’s fee even if you don’t receive the loan you requested? Make sure the agreement is consistent with what the broker has already told you about your rights and obligations.
Declaration of Oral Disclosures. This is a statement that the broker has orally explained certain terms of the loan to you. Before you sign a paper saying that you have received expla- nations, make sure that you have received the explanations and that you understand what you have been told.
Mortgage Loan Disclosure Statement. The mortgage broker must give you this statement, which sets forth the loan terms and estimated costs, within 3 business days of receiving your completedwrittenloanapplicationorbeforeyou become obligated to complete the loan transac- tion, whichever is earlier. If liens or debts are to be paid off by the loan, be sure they are listed on thedisclosurestatement.(Inlieuofthe MLDS, in afederallyrelatedloantransactionyoumayonly receive Truth-in-Lendingdisclosuresanda Good Faith Estimate of costs conformed to California disclosure laws. See “Using the Mortgage Loan Disclosure Statement” above.)
Truth-in-Lending Disclosure Statement. Some, but not all, mortgage brokers must give you Federal Truth-in-Lending Act disclosures about the cost of the loan before you become obligated on the loan.
Take your time and read each document care- fully.

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	25

Signing The Loan Papers

Don’t be rushed or intimidated.
Read each document before you sign any part of it.
Don’t sign any documents if there are spaces or boxes concerning the terms of the loan which are left blank.
Check that the promissory note lists the interest rate, length or “term” of the loan, and other terms that were promised or rep- resented to you.

CONSUMER CHECKLIST



MORTGAGE INSURANCE: NOTICE TO BORROWER

Civil Code Section 2954.6 requires that if pri- vate mortgage insurance (PMI) is a condition of a loan the lender must notify the borrower whether the borrower has the right to cancel the PMI and, if so, what conditions must be met in order to cancel.

SERVICING: MAKING YOUR MONTHLY PAYMENTS

It is very important to make all your payments and to make them on time. Your promissory note may include a provision requiring you to pay a late charge for each late payment. For some home loans, the law allows a late charge of up to 10% per installment.
The person who collects your loan payments is often referred to as the authorized servicer. Sometimes this is the mortgage broker.
NOTE: Civil Code Section 2937 requires that if the servicing responsibility for a loan is to be (or has been) transferred, both the current and new servicer must notify the borrower of the change and its effective date.

26	California Department of Real Estate

WHAT SHOULD I DO ABOUT A DISPUTE WITH THE AUTHORIZED SERVICER?

If you have a disagreement with the authorized servicer about your loan, write a letter to the servicer andkeepacopy. State what theproblem is and what you wish the servicer to do about it. Bespecific. Ifyourpaymentwasn’tcredited, give theaccountnumber, amount, date, andnumberof the check. Do not send your original documents such as canceled checks. Keep all the originals and send copies with your letter. Confirm in writinganytelephoneconversationswiththeser- vicer. Ifyoudon’treceiveasatisfactoryresponse and the servicer is required to be a licensed real estate broker, you can file a complaint with the Department of Real Estate. Also, Section 6 of RESPA requires the servicer to acknowledge your request within 20 business and must try to resolve the problem within 60 business days. If not you may have certain rights, such as the right to file a civil lawsuit against the servicer.

FORECLOSURE: WHAT SHOULD I DO NOW?

In foreclosure, a person called the trustee in foreclosure sells your property at a public auc- tion sale. Common reasons for foreclosure are failure to make monthly mortgage payments or failure to make a balloon payment when due.
Foreclosure proceeds in stages. It begins with a notice of default which tells you why you are now in default. You then have until five busi- ness days before the foreclosure sale to cure the default. To cure the default you have to pay off missed payments, late charges, and fees for initiating the foreclosure.
If you do not cure the default, the trustee can take steps to hold a foreclosure sale. You have the right to one 24-hour postponement of the sale if you make a written request to postpone which states that your purpose is to obtain the cash to pay the debt and which identifies the expected source of the money.

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	27

Detailed rules govern foreclosure. Don’t wait until a foreclosure sale is scheduled to seek legal assistance. If you receive a notice of default, act on it promptly. See if you agree with the amount the trustee says is due. If you do not believe you owe the amount claimed, write a letter as soon as possibledisputingtheamount, withcopiesofthe proof of payments. Ask for a written correction and follow up with the authorized servicer to see that your account is corrected.
If you owe the money, think about how to repay it and cure the default. Are you able to borrow money from family or friends? Could you repay theamountofthemissedpaymentsoveraperiod of several months? The lender is not required to allow you more than three months to pay off the default, but a lender may give you more time if you have a definite plan for repayment. If the lender agrees to give you more time to repay the loan, that agreement should be in writing. These agreements are commonly known as work out agreements. You can also contact a HUD-approved housing counseling agency for information and services that may be available to you depending on whether you have a HUD- insured loan, VA-guaranteed, or conventional loan. For information on these agencies call 1-800-569-4287 or go to the HUD Web site at www.hud.gov.
When there is no way to repay the debt, you should consider selling your home before you lose it in foreclosure. Selling the home may al- low you to save your equity and protect your credit. This may help you in relocating to a new home.
“Foreclosure consultants” or “foreclosure spe- cialists” often contact homeowners who have received a notice of default. They may claim they can prevent the foreclosure, and may even suggest that you transfer title to your home to them. Persons who contact you and claim they can prevent a foreclosure should be questioned carefully to determine how they believe that this can be accomplished.

28	California Department of Real Estate

 CONSUMER CHECKLIST
Foreclosure

Avoid the risk of foreclosure by fully un- derstanding the loan before you accept it. Make sure you will be able to make the monthly payments and any “balloon” payment(s).
If  you  must miss a payment because of  a special circumstance like a temporary disability or temporary unemployment, contact the lender or servicing agent before you miss the payment and suggest a plan for making up the payment(s) to be missed. Are you able to put an extra $50 per month on future payments?
If you receive a notice of default, be sure the lender has accurately stated the amount you owe. If you have a plan to repay the missed payment(s), contact the lender promptly.
If you are unable to make your payments or are in default and can’t cure the default, consider selling the home before you lose it to foreclosure.
Be cautious with anyone who contacts you claiming they can help you avoid the fore- closure without repaying the money you owe.

CAN I FIND OUT WHY CREDIT WAS DENIED?

As in the California law previously discussed, thefederal Equal Credit OpportunityActforbids discriminatory lending practices. Lenders may not base a decision to deny you credit on your race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, sex, marital status, or the fact that some of your incomecomesfromapublicassistanceprogram. The lender is required to inform you in writing of an adverse action (denial) taken on your ap- plication. If you make a timely written request, the lender must also tell you in writing why credit was denied.
Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	29

Also, effective January 1, 2002, any person who makes, or arranges, loans secured by 1-4 unit residential property, and who uses a consumers credit score in connection with the application, must give you a “Notice to the Home Loan Ap- plicant” disclosing your rights to receive infor- mation regarding your credit score.

INFORMATION AND COMPLAINTS

Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC publishes free pamphlets on home mortgages www.ftc.gov.
U.S. Departmentof Housingand Urban Develop- ment (HUD). HUD publishes the "HUD Guide to Settlement Costs" www.hud.gov.
California Departmentof Real Estate(DRE). The DREcantellyouwhetheramortgagebroker has a current license, how long the broker has been licensed, and whether the DRE has ever taken any formal disciplinary action against the broker. This information can also be accessed on the DRE Web site www.dre.ca.gov.
Private attorneys. The county bar association in many counties gives a referral to lawyers who have asked to be listed with the bar refer- ral service.
Legal Aid. If you are on a fixed income or have a low income, you may qualify for a lawyer through the county Legal Aid Office.

30	California Department of Real Estate

California Department of Real Estate
Principal Office
2201 Broadway
Post Office Box 187000 Sacramento, CA 95818-7000
(916) 227-0864
Web site: www.dre.ca.gov

District Offices
2550 Mariposa Mall, Suite 3070
Fresno, CA 93721
(559) 445-5009

320 W. 4th Street, Suite 350 Los Angeles, CA 90013 (213) 620-2072

1515 Clay Street, Suite 702
Oakland, CA 94612
(510) 622-2552

1350 Front Street, Suite 3064 San Diego, CA 92101
(619) 525-4192

Federal Trade Commission
901 Market Street, #570 San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 356-5270

11000 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90024 (310) 824-4343

Toll Free: 1-877-382-4357
Web site: www.ftc.gov

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of RESPA and Interest Land Sales
451 7th Street SW, Room 9146
Washington, DC 20410
(202) 708-0502
Web site: www.hud.gov

Using the Services of a Mortgage Broker	31

RE 35A (Rev. 3/07)